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Does "Trickle Down" Work?: Economic Development Strategies and Job Chains in Local Labor Markets

Joseph Persky, Daniel Felsenstein, and Virginia Carlson
2004

Persky, Felsenstein, and Carlson explore a new framework for evaluating state and local economic development efforts. They propose a method, referred to as the “job-chains approach,” that they say clarifies the potential justifications for economic development subsidies as well as the limitations surrounding these efforts. This innovative approach addresses not only the number of job vacancies created as a result of a subsidized business investment or expansion, but also the extent to which gains are achieved by the unemployed and the underemployed, whether skilled or unskilled.
International Trade and Labor Markets: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

Carl Davidson and Steven J. Matusz
2004

Davidson and Matusz develop simple yet compelling models that allow for documented differences in labor markets across countries in order to investigate the impact of trade and trade policies on society's underclass.
Job Training Policy in the United States

Christopher J. O'Leary, Editor; Robert A. Straits, Editor; and Stephen A. Wandner, Editor
2004

This book provides a broad overview of federally funded job training programs as they exist today. The notable list of contributors review what training consists of and how training programs are implemented under WIA. In particular, they examine training service providers and methods of delivering training services, including the use of individual training accounts and eligible training provider lists. Performance management under WIA is examined, as well as the effectiveness of training programs. In addition, public training programs are compared to private training provided in the United States and to public training programs offered in other industrial nations.
Kids at Work: The Value of Employer-Sponsored On-Site Child Care Centers

Rachel Connelly, Deborah S. DeGraff, and Rachel A. Willis
2004

Connelly, DeGraff, and Willis chronicle the trends in the growth in on-site child care programs and perform analyses that shed light on the value of employer-sponsored child care to employees. The authors note that employees may not be the only ones to benefit. Employers may be able to gain wage savings for the firm.
Labor Exchange Policy in the United States

David E. Balducchi, Editor; Randall W. Eberts, Editor; and Christopher J. O'Leary, Editor
2004

This book describes the evolution of labor exchange policy in the United States, summarizes the major findings about the effectiveness of labor exchange services, and offers reflections on the future for labor exchange policy. In addition, the contributors provide an international perspective on job brokerage functions and a discussion on the appropriate role for governments in helping job seekers and employers make the proper job match.
Leaving Welfare: Employment and Well-Being of Families that Left Welfare in the Post-Entitlement Era

Gregory Acs and Pamela Loprest
2004

Acs and Loprest pull together information from a host of leaver studies to provide a bottom line assessment of what was learned. They compare welfare leaver outcomes across geographic areas and the nation as a whole. This effort allows them to paint a comprehensive picture of the employment, income, and hardships families experience after leaving welfare.
Workplace Justice Without Unions

Hoyt N. Wheeler, Brian S. Klaas, and Douglas M. Mahony
2004

Wheeler, Klaas, and Mahony provide a thorough analysis of organizational justice systems by exploring nonunion systems of workplace justice and comparing them with the union system, American courts, and systems in 11 other countries.
Bargaining for Competitiveness: Law, Research, and Case Studies

Richard N. Block, Editor
2003

This book offers an analysis of the relationship among collective bargaining, firm competitiveness, and employment protections and creation in the United States. The contributors provide an overview of the legal framework and the economic and industrial relations research on collective bargaining, competitiveness, and employment, then follow with four case studies that provide insights into the process of collective bargaining and its current status in the evolving U.S. labor-management system.
Helping Working Families: The Earned Income Tax Credit

Saul D. Hoffman and Laurence S. Seidman
2003

Hoffman and Seidman offer a thorough assessment of the EITC in which they analyze, evaluate, summarize, and critique the state of the program. They find that, overall, the EITC works well, and that it has earned its political popularity. Yet they also uncover several problem areas that they address with specific recommendations based on their analysis.
Human Capital in the United States from 1975 to 2000: Patterns of Growth and Utilization

Robert H. Haveman, Andrew Bershadker, and Jonathan A. Schwabish
2003

This study enhances the existing measures of the nation’s human capital and the extent to which that capital is utilized. Haveman, Bershadker, and Schwabish develop an indicator of the value of the human capital stock held by the nation’s working-age population called Earnings Capacity (EC), and use it to study the time trends in aggregate human capital in the United States and human capital per worker. They also use EC to evaluate utilization of the nation’s human capital stock, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the EC indicator in measuring the size and strength of the U.S. economy.
Income and Influence: Social Policy in Emerging Market Economies

Ethan B. Kapstein and Branko Milanovic
2003

The authors study the connection between economic reform and social policy, and why such reforms failed to produce the tide needed to lift all boats in the transition economies of eastern and central Europe and of Asia.
Job Creation, Job Destruction, and International Competition

Michael W. Klein, Scott Schuh, and Robert K. Triest
2003

The authors present a picture of how the effects of international trade on employment in U.S. manufacturing industries vary widely. They explore the labor-market dynamics and adjustment costs associated with international factors, particularly the way fluctuations in exchange rates, overseas economic activity, and the altering of trade restrictions contribute to churning-the simultaneous job creation among some firms and job destruction among others.
Labor Standards in the United States and Canada

Richard N. Block, Ronald O. Clarke, and Karen Roberts
2003

Block, Roberts, and Clarke offer a method for comparing ten labor standards across political jurisdictions. They then apply this method to the United States and Canada, an exercise that allows them to settle the long-running dispute over whether or not Canada has higher standards than the U.S., and if so, to what degree.
Nonstandard Work in Developed Economies: Causes and Consequences

Susan N. Houseman, Editor and Machiko Osawa, Editor
2003

This book reveals the considerable variation in the levels of growth in a broad set of nonstandard work arrangements while presenting a comprehensive view of how, as a result, the nature of the employment relationship is changing within and among countries. The international roster of economists, sociologists, and labor law experts who contributed draw on cross-country variations in economic conditions and institutional characteristics to explain why some arrangements have grown faster in some countries than in others and what this means for workers. By considering a broad array of nonstandard work arrangements in a number of economies, the authors provide a richer understanding than if the focus had been limited to a single country of one or a short-list of employment arrangements.
The Decline in Employment of People with Disabilities: A Policy Puzzle

David C. Stapleton, Editor and Richard V. Burkhauser, Editor
2003

The book begins with a documentation of the employment rate decline and ends by spelling out the implications of this decline for public policy. However, the bulk of the book provides a detailed examination of the various explanations for the puzzling decline in employment among the working-aged population with disabilities.
The Economics of Risk

Donald J. Meyer
2003

This collection offers an economics-based overview of the various facets of risk. It contains six papers that examine a broad array of research relating to risk. Two papers examine risk management and its application to decision making as well as what researchers have learned over the past few decades in their theoretical investigations of risk. The remaining chapters examine how risk plays out in the particular markets in which it has a significant presence, including casino gambling enterprises, agricultural markets, auctions, and health insurance.
The Labor Market Experience of Workers with Disabilities: The ADA and Beyond

Julie L. Hotchkiss
2003

This book focuses on the labor market provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current labor market experience of American workers with disabilities and an assessment of the impact the ADA has had on that experience.
Training That Works: Lessons from California's Employment Training Panel Program

Richard W. Moore, Daniel R. Blake, G. Michael Phillips, and Daniel McConaughy
2003

The authors provide an in-depth analysis of an incumbent worker training program funded through California's unemployment insurance taxes.
Workplace Education for Low-Wage Workers

Amanda L. Ahlstrand, Laurie J. Bassi, and Daniel P. McMurrer
2003

This study reports on employers' practices and decision-making procedures with regards to workplace education and training for low-wage workers.
Carve-Outs in Workers' Compensation: An Analysis of the Experience in the California Construction Industry

David I. Levine, Frank Neuhauser, Richard Reuben, Jeffrey S. Petersen, and Cristian Echeverria
2002

Employers and unions in several states during the 1990s were allowed to "carve out" their own workers' compensation systems. These innovative reforms gave the parties the right to collectively bargain their own systems outside the statutory systems. In addition, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems were implemented in order speed the legal process and reduce litigation costs. This book offers an evaluation of the first few years' experience with these organizational reforms in California.
How New Is the "New Employment Contract"?: Evidence from North American Pay Practices

David I. Levine, Dale Belman, Gary Charness, Erica L. Groshen, and K. C. O'Shaughnessy
2002

This book explores this apparent change in the employment contract. Whereas earlier studies in this area focused on the rigidities in the quantity side of the employment relationship, e.g., changes in job tenure and rates of displacement, the authors focus on the price side of the contract - whether wage structures have become more flexible.
Imports, Exports, and Jobs: What Does Trade Mean for Employment and Job Loss?

Lori G. Kletzer
2002

Kletzer adds to our understanding of the magnitude of the costs and benefits of free trade. She presents a focused examination of the relationship between changes in international trade, employment, and job displacement for a sample of U.S. manufacturing industries. The link between international trade and domestic jobs is also explored through studies of both net and gross employment job change.
Losing Work, Moving On: International Perspectives on Worker Displacement

Peter Joseph Kuhn, Editor
2002

This volume presents a collaborative effort by 22 labor economists who examine worker displacement and the attempts to address it in 10 industrialized countries. Using large nationally-representative data sets and detailed policy analysis, the authors focus on two key questions related to worker displacement: 1) whether the experiences of displaced workers in the Untied States, and the patterns of experiences across workers, echo patterns seen in other developed countries, and 2) what can be learned, both from the similarities and from the differences across countries?
Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform

Bruce A. Weber, Editor; Greg J. Duncan, Editor; and Leslie A. Whitener, Editor
2002

This volume presents a comprehensive look at how welfare reforms enacted in 1996 are affecting caseloads, employment, earnings, and family well-being in rural areas.
State Enterprise Zone Programs: Have They Worked?

Alan H. Peters and Peter S. Fisher
2002

Peters and Fisher evaluate 75 EZs located in 13 states to gain an understanding of the overall effectiveness of state enterprise zones. Faced with a paucity of data on EZs that could be used in standard economic analysis, the authors employ a hypothetical firm model in which they apply various EZ and non-EZ incentives to financial statements created for a set of "typical" firms. Observing the impacts of both types of incentives on firms' financial statements allow Peters and Fisher to predict the firms' resulting behavior. Between these findings and the data accumulated from actual EZs, they are able to offer insights on seven key policy issues.