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Human Capital in the United States from 1975 to 2000: Patterns of Growth and Utilization

Robert H. Haveman, Andrew Bershadker, and Jonathan A. Schwabish
2003

This study enhances the existing measures of the nation’s human capital and the extent to which that capital is utilized. Haveman, Bershadker, and Schwabish develop an indicator of the value of the human capital stock held by the nation’s working-age population called Earnings Capacity (EC), and use it to study the time trends in aggregate human capital in the United States and human capital per worker. They also use EC to evaluate utilization of the nation’s human capital stock, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the EC indicator in measuring the size and strength of the U.S. economy.
Income and Influence: Social Policy in Emerging Market Economies

Ethan B. Kapstein and Branko Milanovic
2003

The authors study the connection between economic reform and social policy, and why such reforms failed to produce the tide needed to lift all boats in the transition economies of eastern and central Europe and of Asia.
Job Creation, Job Destruction, and International Competition

Michael W. Klein, Scott Schuh, and Robert K. Triest
2003

The authors present a picture of how the effects of international trade on employment in U.S. manufacturing industries vary widely. They explore the labor-market dynamics and adjustment costs associated with international factors, particularly the way fluctuations in exchange rates, overseas economic activity, and the altering of trade restrictions contribute to churning-the simultaneous job creation among some firms and job destruction among others.
Labor Standards in the United States and Canada

Richard N. Block, Ronald O. Clarke, and Karen Roberts
2003

Block, Roberts, and Clarke offer a method for comparing ten labor standards across political jurisdictions. They then apply this method to the United States and Canada, an exercise that allows them to settle the long-running dispute over whether or not Canada has higher standards than the U.S., and if so, to what degree.
Nonstandard Work in Developed Economies: Causes and Consequences

Susan N. Houseman and Machiko Osawa
2003

This book reveals the considerable variation in the levels of growth in a broad set of nonstandard work arrangements while presenting a comprehensive view of how, as a result, the nature of the employment relationship is changing within and among countries. The international roster of economists, sociologists, and labor law experts who contributed draw on cross-country variations in economic conditions and institutional characteristics to explain why some arrangements have grown faster in some countries than in others and what this means for workers. By considering a broad array of nonstandard work arrangements in a number of economies, the authors provide a richer understanding than if the focus had been limited to a single country of one or a short-list of employment arrangements.
The Decline in Employment of People with Disabilities: A Policy Puzzle

David C. Stapleton and Richard V. Burkhauser
2003

The book begins with a documentation of the employment rate decline and ends by spelling out the implications of this decline for public policy. However, the bulk of the book provides a detailed examination of the various explanations for the puzzling decline in employment among the working-aged population with disabilities.
The Economics of Risk

Donald J. Meyer
2003

This collection offers an economics-based overview of the various facets of risk. It contains six papers that examine a broad array of research relating to risk. Two papers examine risk management and its application to decision making as well as what researchers have learned over the past few decades in their theoretical investigations of risk. The remaining chapters examine how risk plays out in the particular markets in which it has a significant presence, including casino gambling enterprises, agricultural markets, auctions, and health insurance.
The Labor Market Experience of Workers with Disabilities: The ADA and Beyond

Julie L. Hotchkiss
2003

This book focuses on the labor market provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current labor market experience of American workers with disabilities and an assessment of the impact the ADA has had on that experience.
Training That Works: Lessons from California's Employment Training Panel Program

Richard W. Moore, Daniel R. Blake, G. Michael Phillips, and Daniel McConaughy
2003

The authors provide an in-depth analysis of an incumbent worker training program funded through California's unemployment insurance taxes.
Workplace Education for Low-Wage Workers

Amanda L. Ahlstrand, Laurie J. Bassi, and Daniel P. McMurrer
2003

This study reports on employers' practices and decision-making procedures with regards to workplace education and training for low-wage workers.
Carve-Outs in Workers' Compensation: An Analysis of the Experience in the California Construction Industry

David I. Levine, Frank Neuhauser, Richard Reuben, Jeffrey S. Petersen, and Cristian Echeverria
2002

Employers and unions in several states during the 1990s were allowed to "carve out" their own workers' compensation systems. These innovative reforms gave the parties the right to collectively bargain their own systems outside the statutory systems. In addition, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems were implemented in order speed the legal process and reduce litigation costs. This book offers an evaluation of the first few years' experience with these organizational reforms in California.
How New Is the "New Employment Contract"?: Evidence from North American Pay Practices

David I. Levine, Dale Belman, Gary Charness, Erica L. Groshen, and K. C. O'Shaughnessy
2002

This book explores this apparent change in the employment contract. Whereas earlier studies in this area focused on the rigidities in the quantity side of the employment relationship, e.g., changes in job tenure and rates of displacement, the authors focus on the price side of the contract - whether wage structures have become more flexible.
Imports, Exports, and Jobs: What Does Trade Mean for Employment and Job Loss?

Lori G. Kletzer
2002

Kletzer adds to our understanding of the magnitude of the costs and benefits of free trade. She presents a focused examination of the relationship between changes in international trade, employment, and job displacement for a sample of U.S. manufacturing industries. The link between international trade and domestic jobs is also explored through studies of both net and gross employment job change.
Losing Work, Moving On: International Perspectives on Worker Displacement

Peter Joseph Kuhn
2002

This volume presents a collaborative effort by 22 labor economists who examine worker displacement and the attempts to address it in 10 industrialized countries. Using large nationally-representative data sets and detailed policy analysis, the authors focus on two key questions related to worker displacement: 1) whether the experiences of displaced workers in the Untied States, and the patterns of experiences across workers, echo patterns seen in other developed countries, and 2) what can be learned, both from the similarities and from the differences across countries?
Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform

Bruce A. Weber, Greg J. Duncan, and Leslie A. Whitener
2002

This volume presents a comprehensive look at how welfare reforms enacted in 1996 are affecting caseloads, employment, earnings, and family well-being in rural areas.
State Enterprise Zone Programs: Have They Worked?

Alan H. Peters and Peter S. Fisher
2002

Peters and Fisher evaluate 75 EZs located in 13 states to gain an understanding of the overall effectiveness of state enterprise zones. Faced with a paucity of data on EZs that could be used in standard economic analysis, the authors employ a hypothetical firm model in which they apply various EZ and non-EZ incentives to financial statements created for a set of "typical" firms. Observing the impacts of both types of incentives on firms' financial statements allow Peters and Fisher to predict the firms' resulting behavior. Between these findings and the data accumulated from actual EZs, they are able to offer insights on seven key policy issues.
Targeting Employment Services

Randall W. Eberts, Christopher J. O'Leary, and Stephen A. Wandner
2002

This book offers a thorough overview of the U.S. experience with targeting reemployment services and self-employment assistance to UI beneficiaries most likely to exhaust benefits. The authors also suggest other programs that might benefit from targeting, examine Canadian efforts at targeting reemployment services, and consider prospects for a new Frontline Decision Support System for one-stop centers.
The Economics of Work and Family

Jean Kimmel and Emily P. Hoffman
2002

Using an economic perspective, the contributors confront work/family issues including child care (potentially the biggest obstacle to parents successfully integrating work and family priorities), how parents balance time between work and family obligations, links between women's childbearing and their economic outcomes, the success of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and the relationship between family structure and labor market outcomes. They also argue for specific policies designed to alleviate the stresses related to these issues.
Ensuring Health and Income Security for an Aging Workforce

Peter Budetti, Richard V. Burkhauser, Janice M. Gregory, and H. Allan Hunt
2001

The chapters explore implications of an aging workforce for a number of social programs in the coming decades, and point to the critical policy issues we must face when growing numbers of older workers begin to strain the capacity of those programs.
Labor, Business, and Change in Germany and the United States

Kirsten S. Wever
2001

The chapters explore the proposition that the benefits of either the German coordinating institutions or the United States' more decentralized political economy each entail trade-offs that may be necessary but politically unpleasant. The authors also offer comparisons of sectoral and firm-level adjustment processes for change.
Pay at Risk: Compensation and Employment Risk in the United States and Canada

John A. Turner
2001

The contributors to this book investigate the compensation and employment risks for U.S. and Canadian workers. They examine both wage and nonwage aspects of compensation, and whether workers in the U.S. or Canada face more job-related risks. They also seek to identify trends in risk bearing and whether they differ by country.
Reemployment Bonuses in the Unemployment Insurance System: Evidence from Three Field Experiments

Philip K. Robins and Robert G. Spiegelman
2001

In this volume a select group of UI researchers describes the motivation for and the design, implementation, and impacts of UI bonus experiments administered in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Washington. They also describe the benefits and costs of the various experimental treatments for the government as a whole, the UI system in particular, claimants' earnings, and the overall net benefits to society.
The Political Economy of Health Care Reforms

Huizhong Zhou
2001

A leading group of health care economists propose solutions to problems related to Medicare, managed care, health insurance, coverage for the uninsured, and the role of tax policy in health care.
Workers' Compensation: Benefits, Costs, and Safety Under Alternative Insurance Arrangements

Terry Thomason, Timothy P. Schmidle, and John F. Burton
2001

Thomason, Schmidle, and Burton make use of a unique data set to delve into how insurance arrangements affect several objectives of the workers' compensation (WC) program. They underscore the effects of deregulation and other changes in WC insurance pricing arrangements by performing empirical analyses that use state-specific cost, benefit, and injury data from 48 states for 1975-1995. This allows them to address the interactive relationships among the four objectives of WC systems adequacy of benefits, affordability of WC insurance, efficiency in the benefits delivery system, and prevention of workplace injuries and diseases and how various public policies adopted by states or the federal government work to achieve them.
Working Time in Comparative Perspective: Volume II - Life-Cycle Working Time and Nonstandard Work

Susan Houseman and Alice Nakamura
2001

The chapters explore an expanded set of working-time issues, which may be loosely grouped under two topics: 1) working time over the life cycle, and 2) nonstandard work arrangements (e.g., temporary work, job sharing and moonlighting).